Теоретическая и прикладная экология1995-43012618-840610.25750/1995-4301-2026-2-029-039OtherПереработка попутного нефтяного газа в метанол: экологические последствия факельного сжигания и перспективы низкоуглеродной энергетики (обзор)Associated petroleum gas processing into methanol: environmental impacts of flaring and prospects for low-carbon energy: a reviewКузьминА. М.KuzminA. M.kuzmin.lex@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-5683National Research Tomsk Polytechnic UniversityTomskRussiaLLC “HTR”Saint PetersburgRussiaНациональный исследовательский Томский политехнический университетТомскРоссияООО «ВТР»Санкт-ПетербургРоссия2506202622939http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v2/26203.pdf

В настоящем обзоре систематизированы данные о процессах получения синтез-газа из попутного нефтяного газа (паровой риформинг, некаталитическое парциальное окисление, углекислотная конверсия, автотермический риформинг). Особое внимание уделено малотоннажным установкам на основе некаталитического парциального окисления с использованием принципов жидкостных ракетных двигателей, позволяющих получать синтез-газ при давлениях до 8 МПа. Рассмотрены разработанные автором устройства (патенты RU 183401 U1, RU 176510 U1) для генерации синтез-газа и трёхреакторного каскада синтеза метанола. Показано, что оптимизация состава водородсодержащего газа по модулю M = 2,0–2,3 повышает выход метанола на 8–12 %. Проанализированы экономические показатели малотоннажного производства и концепция «метанольной экономики» с замкнутым циклом «метанол–водород». Предложена схема энергетической интеграции с турбогенератором для утилизации тепла отходящих газов, повышающая общий коэффициент полезного действия комплекса до 68 %. Выявлены ключевые нерешённые проблемы: подавление сажеобразования, влияние серосодержащих примесей, разработка компактных систем сепарации и применение методов искусственного интеллекта для оптимизации процессов. Обзор демонстрирует высокий потенциал технологий малотоннажного производства метанола из попутного нефтяного газа для решения экологических и ресурсных проблем нефтегазовой отрасли, как в России, так и в других странах.

This review systematizes data on synthesis gas processing from associated petroleum gas (steam methane reforming, non-catalytic partial oxidation, dry reforming, autothermal reforming). Particular attention is paid to small-scale plants based on non-catalytic partial oxidation using principles of liquid rocket engines, which allow producing syngas at pressures up to 8 MPa. The devices developed by the author (RF patents RU 183401 U1, RU 176510 U1) for syngas generation as well as a three-reactor methanol synthesis cascade are considered. It is shown that optimizing the composition of hydrogen-containing gas to a module M = 2.0–2.3 increases methanol yield by 8–12 %. The economic indicators of small-scale production and the concept of a “methanol economy” with a closed “methanol–hydrogen” cycle are analyzed. An energy integration scheme with a turbogenerator for utilizing waste gas heat, increasing the overall efficiency of the complex to 68 %, is proposed. Key unresolved problems are identified: soot suppression under high-pressure conditions, sulfur-containing impurities effect, compact separation systems development, and the application of artificial intelligence methods for process optimization. The review demonstrates the high potential of small-scale methanol production technologies from associated petroleum gas for solving environmental and resource problems in the oil and gas industry, both in Russia and other countries.

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