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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теоретическая и прикладная экология</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1995-4301</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25750/1995-4301-2026-1-217-226</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Мониторинг популяции прибрежницы одноцветковой и среды её произрастания в озере Свитязь (Республика Беларусь)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Monitoring of the Littorella uniflora population and its habitat in Lake Svityaz (Republic of Belarus)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вознячук</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voznyachuk</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1427-1025</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Грищенкова</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Hryshchankava</surname><given-names>N. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>nhrysh@gmail.com</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2116-8462</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вознячук</surname><given-names>Н. Л.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Voznyachuk</surname><given-names>N. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4328-636X</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The State Scientific Institution “V. F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus” (Minsk, Republic of Belarus)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственное научное учреждение «Институт экспериментальной ботаники имени В. Ф. Купревича Национальной академии наук Беларуси» (Минск, Республика Беларусь)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><fpage>217</fpage><lpage>226</lpage><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26123.pdf" xlink:title="http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26123.pdf">http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26123.pdf</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-cd79903b-c0ca-4615-af80-f2ade501d424.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>На основании многолетних исследований (2000–2023 гг.) проведена оценка состояния популяции исключительно редкого для Беларуси, исчезающего, охраняемого вида – прибрежницы одноцветковой (Littorella uniflora (L.) Aschers.), и среды её произрастания в единственно известном местонахождении в Беларуси – озере Свитязь. Выявлена ценотическая роль вида в сообществе, его динамика в зависимости от биотопических, экотопических и антропогенных факторов. Установлены границы распространения вида в пределах озера, проведена оценка изменений характера зарастания водоёма и физико-химических показателей воды. Выявлены основные угрозы и предложены меры по восстановлению среды обитания L. uniflora. Обнаружены признаки прогрессирующего эвтрофирования: снижение содержания соединений азота и отсутствие фосфатов в поверхностном слое воды за счёт более активного развития фитопланктона; формирование сероводородной зоны в гиполимнионе; снижение содержания растворённого кислорода и прозрачности воды до 2–3 м; «цветение» воды; рост протяжённости тростниковых зарослей (до 52 % длины береговой линии) и увеличение их плотности; стремительная деградация пояса гидрофитной растительности (глубина максимального произрастания подводных растений сократилась с 7,0 до 2,5 м за 40-летний период). Анализ видового состава высшей водной растительности показал его сокращение с 14 до 8 видов за счёт выпадения ряда видов погружённых растений, что свидетельствует о структурной перестройке растительных сообществ в сторону гелофитной растительности и ухудшении качества воды. В подводных сообществах L. uniflora сохраняет доминирующие позиции, однако её обилие снижается. Основной причиной деградации озера и популяции L. uniflora являются чрезмерная рекреационная нагрузка и изменение гидрологического режима. Предложены мероприятия по регулированию рекреационной нагрузки, улучшению санитарного состояния побережья и ряд внутренних мер. Рекомендации направлены на стабилизацию экологического состояния озера, поддержание устойчивости его экосистемы и охрану уникальной популяции L. uniflora.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>We assessed the status of Littorella uniflora (L.) Aschers. population and its habitat based on long-term studies (2000–2023). It is an extremely rare, endangered, protected species for Belarus. Lake Svityaz is the only known location of L. uniflora habitat in Belarus. The species cenotic role in the community, its dynamics depending on biotopic, ecotopic and anthropogenic factors were revealed. The boundaries of the species distribution within the lake were determined. We assessed the changes in lake overgrowth and physicochemical indicators of the water over the long-term observation period. Major threats have been identified and measures to restore the L. uniflora habitat are proposed. Signs of progressive eutrophication are detected: decreased nitrogen compounds and the absence of phosphates in the surface water layer due to the phytoplankton active development; hydrosulphuric zone in the hypolimnion; a decrease in the dissolved oxygen content and transparency of water to 2–3 m; water “blooming”; an increase in the reed beds’ density and extent (up to 52 % of the coastline); rapid degradation of the hydrophytic vegetation belt (the depth of maximum growth of submerged plants decreased from 7.0 to 2.5 m over a 40-year period). Analysis of the higher aquatic vegetation species composition showed its reduction from 14 to 8 species due to the loss of a number of submerged plant species. The above indicates a structural restructuring of plant communities towards helophytic vegetation and deterioration in water quality. Littorella uniflora dominates in underwater communities, but its abundance is declining. Excessive recreational load and changes in hydrological regime degrade the Lake Svityaz and the L. uniflora population. We proposed some measures to regulate recreational load, improve the sanitary condition of the coast and a number of internal measures. The recommendations are aimed to stabilize the lake ecological status, to conserve the sustainability of its ecosystem and to protect the L. uniflora unique population.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>прибрежница одноцветковая</kwd><kwd>Littorella uniflora (L.) Aschers.</kwd><kwd>озеро Свитязь</kwd><kwd>водная растительность</kwd><kwd>мониторинг</kwd><kwd>рекреационная нагрузка</kwd><kwd>эвтрофирование</kwd><kwd>восстановление</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Littorella uniflora (L.) Aschers.</kwd><kwd>Lake Svityaz</kwd><kwd>aquatic vegetation</kwd><kwd>monitoring</kwd><kwd>recreational load</kwd><kwd>eutrophication</kwd><kwd>restoration</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках задания 4 подпрограммы «Устойчивое использование природных ресурсов и охрана окружающей среды с учётом изменения климата» государственной научно-технической программы «Зелёные технологии ресурсопользования и экобезопасности» на 2021–2025 годы.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">1. Red data Book of Latvia. Vascular plants / Ed. G. Andrušaitis. Riga: University of Latvia Institute of Biology, 2003. 689 p. (in Latvian).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">2. Polish Red Data Book of Plants. Pteridophytes and flowering plants / Eds. R. Kaźmierczakowa, K. Zarzycki, Z. Mirek. 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руководством А.С. Лихачёва.</p></ack></back></article>
