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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теоретическая и прикладная экология</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1995-4301</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25750/1995-4301-2026-1-169-176</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Тканеспецифичная экспрессия генов транспортных белков у обыкновенного карпа (Cyprinus carpio) под воздействием ионов кадмия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Cd2+-induced tissue-specific expression of genes involved in cellular transportation in Eurasian carp (Cyprinus carpio)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Золотарёв</surname><given-names>К. В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zolotarev</surname><given-names>K. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0905-0605</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлов</surname><given-names>А. Н.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailov</surname><given-names>A. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0990-7509</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Михайлова</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mikhailova</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7121-5453</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наход</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nakhod</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2322-4966</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жданов</surname><given-names>Д. Д.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhdanov</surname><given-names>D. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4753-7588</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (Moscow, Russia)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Научно-исследовательский институт биомедицинской химии (Москва, Россия)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University) (Moscow, Russia)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов (Москва, Россия)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><fpage>169</fpage><lpage>176</lpage><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26118.pdf" xlink:title="http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26118.pdf">http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26118.pdf</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-6b32cc95-b02e-43a2-9c2a-33eb5da7b390.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Cd2+ – катион тяжёлого металла, имеющий как типичные для этого класса токсикантов, так и уникальные токсические свойства по отношению к живым компонентам водных экосистем. Целью исследования является анализ индуцированной Cd2+ экспрессии генов транспортных белков в ряде тканей рыбы и её возможной корреляции с накоплением Cd в тканях. Молодь обыкновенного карпа (Cyprinus carpio) инкубировали в растворе Cd2+ с сублетальной концентрацией для карповых (6,4 мг/л). Был сопоставлен уровень экспрессии генов субъединиц N-метил-D-аспартата (NR2A, NR2B) и белка 1 подсемейства С АТФ-связывающей кассеты (ABCC1) в тканях рыб, подвергавшихся и не подвергавшихся воздействию Cd2+, а также проанализирована степень биоаккумуляции Cd тканями рыб. Экспрессия NR2A в глазах (сосудистая оболочка + сетчатка), накапливавших Cd, усиливалась в 16,6 раз под его воздействием, и достоверно не менялась в мозге, не накапливавшем Cd. Этот эффект может быть обусловлен блокированием кальциевых каналов ионами Cd2+, имеющими очень близкий радиус иона к Ca2+. В результате установлено, что близость радиуса катиона тяжёлого металла к радиусу Ca2+ является основным фактором, определяющим способность катиона необратимо блокировать кальциевые каналы. Экспрессия ABCC1 усиливалась в 2,0 раза в жабрах и достоверно не менялась в печень, при этом обе ткани накапливали Cd в значительной степени. Этот эффект может быть обусловлен попаданием Cd в печень в уже инактивированном виде, а также возможными различиями в механизмах самозащиты от Cd2+ в жабрах и печени рыб.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>Cd2+ is a heavy metal cation with some typical for heavy metals as well as unique toxic properties for live components of water ecosystems. The objective of this study was to analyze Cd2+-induced expression of genes of some cellular transportation proteins in several tissues of a fish and its possible correlation with Cd accumulation in tissues. Juvenile Cyprinus carpio were treated with Cd2+ at a preliminarily determinated sublethal concentration for Cyprinidae (6.4 mg/L). The expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit genes (NR2A, NR2B) and ATP-binding cassette subfamily C member 1 gene (ABCC1) was compared between treated and untreated fish. In addition, cadmium accumulation in the fish tissues was assessed. NR2A gene expression was 16.6-fold upregulated by Cd2+ in the eyes (choroid + retina), which accumulated Cd, and was not upregulated in brain, which didn’t accumulate Cd. This may have been caused by the blocking of calcium channels by Cd2+, which has a very similar ionic radius to that of Ca2+. According to the result of the current study, it can be concluded that the similarity of the radius of a heavy metal cation to that of Ca2+ is a major factor contributing to its ability to irreversibly block calcium channels. ABCC1 gene expression was 2.0-fold upregulated in gills and was not upregulated in liver; both tissues accumulated high levels of Cd. This difference may have been caused by the accumulation of predominantly previously inactivated Cd in liver or by some difference in the mechanisms of self-detoxification from Cd2+ in fish gills and liver.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кадмий</kwd><kwd>биоаккумуляция</kwd><kwd>NR2A</kwd><kwd>кальциевые каналы</kwd><kwd>ABCC1</kwd><kwd>механизмы самозащиты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>cadmium</kwd><kwd>accumulation</kwd><kwd>NR2A</kwd><kwd>calcium channels</kwd><kwd>ABCC1</kwd><kwd>self-detoxification</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы «Влияние соединений, обладающих геропротективными свойствами, на единичные биомакромолекулы, модельные объекты и организм человека» при финансовой поддержке Министерства науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации (Соглашение № 075-15-2024-643).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="en">1. 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