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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теоретическая и прикладная экология</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1995-4301</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25750/1995-4301-2026-1-134-144</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Механизм согласованной экологизации эксплуатируемых тепловозов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mechanisms for coordinated ecologization of operational diesel locomotives</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Цыганов</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tsyganov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>bbc@ipu.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-0548</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Еналеев</surname><given-names>А. К.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Enaleev</surname><given-names>A. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4450-9533</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савушкин</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savushkin</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-1896</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">V.A. Trapeznikov Institute of Control Sciences of Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Институт проблем управления им. В.А. Трапезникова Российской академии наук (ИПУ РАН) (Москва, Россия)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">N.S. Solomenko Institute of Transport Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, Russia)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГБУН Институт проблем транспорта им. Н.С. Соломенко</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российской академии наук (ИПТ РАН) (Санкт-Петербург, Россия)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><fpage>134</fpage><lpage>144</lpage><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26114.pdf" xlink:title="http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26114.pdf">http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26114.pdf</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-87605033-851e-4c43-9fd1-8af673615f44.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Экологически безопасное развитие железнодорожного транспорта призвано обеспечить требования к экологичности тепловозов. Эти требования отражены в национальных и региональных стандартах допустимых выбросов основных вредных веществ – оксидов азота и углерода, углеводородов и твёрдых частиц. Однако эти стандарты остаются неизменными в течение десятилетий, несмотря на появление новых, более экологичных технологий. Тем не менее, до настоящего времени ни в России, ни в мире не разработаны механизмы, которые бы стимулировали применение таких технологий для повышения экологичности уже эксплуатируемых тепловозов, заведомо удовлетворяющих указанным неизменным стандартам. В работе предложен механизм стимулирования разработки и внедрения инноваций в области охраны окружающей среды на таких тепловозах в тот период, когда экологические стандарты остаются неизменными. Этот механизм включает процедуру формирования нормативов отнесения показателей выбросов вышеуказанных основных вредных веществ к одному из четырёх классов (неудовлетворительно, удовлетворительно, хорошо, отлично). При этом используются как отечественные стандарты, так и национальные и региональные требования к уровням выбросов основных вредных веществ за рубежом. Класс каждого показателя определяется путём сопоставления его фактического значения с соответствующим нормативом. Далее, путём объединения указанных классов, определяется класс экологичности тепловоза, в зависимости от которого стимулируются заинтересованные лица – исследователи и разработчики инноваций, производственный персонал, экологи и менеджеры. Тем самым, интересы последних согласуются с интересами экологизации железнодорожного транспорта. Такой согласованный механизм призван поощрять исследования, разработки и внедрение инноваций в процессе эксплуатации тепловозов для повышения их экологичности. Рассмотрены примеры определения классов экологичности отечественных и зарубежных тепловозов. Результаты работы были использованы при разработке концепции требований к тепловозам ОАО «РЖД» в области охраны окружающей среды.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>Environmentally friendly development of railway transport is mainly due to the greening of diesel locomotives. Requirements for their environmental friendliness are traditionally reflected in national and regional standards for permissible emissions of the main harmful substances – nitrogen and carbon oxides, hydrocarbons and solid particles. However, in practice, these standards remain unchanged for decades. During this time, new, more environmentally friendly technologies appear. However, outdated standards sometimes do not stimulate their implementation. For example, to date, neither in Russia nor in the world have mechanisms been developed that would stimulate the use of such technologies to improve the environmental friendliness of already operated locomotives that have long met the specified unchangeable standards. The paper proposes a mechanism for the greening of such locomotives. It includes a procedure for forming standards for classifying the emission indicators of the harmful substances by locomotives into one of four classes. The specified standards depend on the mileage and duration of locomotive operation, as well as on the stage of locomotive construction at which it was created. When forming these standards, both domestic standards and national and regional standards of countries with advanced locomotive construction are used. Then, by combining the specified classes, the environmental class of the locomotive is determined. Depending on the latter, interested parties are stimulated – researchers and developers of innovations, production personnel, ecologists and managers. Thus, the interests of these parties are consistent with the interests of greening railway transport and environmental protection. Examples of determining the environmental classes of domestic and foreign locomotives created at different stages of the development of locomotive construction, depending on the duration of their operation are considered. The obtained results are implemented in the development of the concept of requirements for locomotives of JSC “Russian Railways” in the field of environmental protection.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>окружающая среда</kwd><kwd>вредные факторы</kwd><kwd>железные дороги</kwd><kwd>выброс загрязняющих веществ</kwd><kwd>оценка выбросов</kwd><kwd>контроль выбросов</kwd><kwd>парниковые газы</kwd><kwd>углеводороды</kwd><kwd>стимулирующие механизмы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>environment</kwd><kwd>harmful factors</kwd><kwd>railways</kwd><kwd>emissions</kwd><kwd>emission assessment</kwd><kwd>emission control</kwd><kwd>greenhouse gases</kwd><kwd>hydrocarbons</kwd><kwd>incentive mechanisms</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">1. Караулов В.М., Караулова Л.В., Пугач В.Н., Каранина Е.В. 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