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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теоретическая и прикладная экология</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1995-4301</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25750/1995-4301-2026-1-113-123</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Биологическая очистка производственных сточных вод с использованием носителей из вторичных ресурсов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Biological treatment of industrial wastewater using carriers from secondary resources</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Калинина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kalinina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>kalininaelena1@rambler.ru</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-4895</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рудакова</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudakova</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3292-8359</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трефилова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trefilova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1588-043X</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Perm National Research Polytechnical University (Perm, Russia)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет (Пермь, Россия)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>123</lpage><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26112.pdf" xlink:title="http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26112.pdf">http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26112.pdf</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-264b2317-305d-449d-b60a-f9c942f10b7a.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В настоящей работе обоснована целесообразность использования в качестве носителя закреплённой биомассы в процессе биологической очистки сточных вод вторичных материальных ресурсов: мелкой фракции (5–10 мм) хлопьев рециклированного полиэтилентерефталата (ПЭТ), лёгкой фракции отходов рециклинга ПЭТ бутылок (этикетки) и углеродно-синтетического носителя на основе остатков после термодесорбции нефтесодержащих отходов и отходов полиэтилена низкого давления. Наиболее эффективно закрепление биомассы происходит на лёгкой фракции отходов рециклинга ПЭТ бутылок (2,25 г/г носителя) и углеродно-синтетическом носителе на основе остатков после термодесорбции нефтесодержащих отходов и отходов полиэтилена низкого давления (3,5 г/г носителя). Применение данных носителей биомассы позволяет повысить эффективность очистки нефтесодержащих сточных вод по сравнению с технологией со свободноплавающим илом на 7 % по нефтепродуктам и на 17 % по показателю химического потребления кислорода (ХПК). Это соответствует эффективности очистки 97 % по нефтепродуктам и 92 % по ХПК. Применение в процессе биологической очистки нефтесодержащих сточных вод носителей биомассы на основе вторичных материальных ресурсов приводит к повышению видового разнообразия свободноплавающих микроорганизмов активного ила почти в 2 раза, увеличению количества микроорганизмов высших трофических уровней, улучшению седиментационных свойств активного ила и повышению прозрачности очищенных сточных вод.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The treatment of industrial wastewater containing toxic impurities is a difficult environmental challenge. It can be solved by using a combination of free-floating and carrier-attached reactive sludge in reactors. Biomass carriers are often made from various synthetic materials (polyamide, polyester, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyethylene), sometimes with the addition of organic and mineral components. In this paper we substantiate the expediency of using secondary resources as a carrier of fixed biomass in the process of biological wastewater treatment. We use fine fraction of recycled PET flakes (5–10 mm), light fraction of PET bottle recycling waste (labels) and carbon-synthetic carrier based on residues after thermodesorption of oil-containing waste and low-pressure polyethylene waste. The most effective biomass fixation occurs on light fraction of PET bottles recycling waste (2.25 g/g of carrier) and carbon-synthetic carrier based on residues after thermodesorption of oil-containing waste and low-pressure polyethylene waste (3.5g/g of carrier). Application of these biomass carriers allows increasing the efficiency of oily wastewater treatment in comparison with the technology with free-floating sludge by 7 % for oil products and by 17 % for chemical oxygen demand (COD). This corresponds to a treatment efficiency of 97 % for oil products and 92 % for COD. Thus, the species diversity of free-floating microorganisms of activated sludge increases by almost 2 times as well as the number of higher trophic level microorganisms in the sludge, the sedimentation properties of activated sludge improve and transparency of treated wastewater increases as a result of application in the biological treatment of oily wastewater a biomass carriers on secondary resources base.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>очистка сточных вод</kwd><kwd>активный ил</kwd><kwd>нефтепродукты</kwd><kwd>носитель биомассы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>wastewater treatment</kwd><kwd>activated sludge</kwd><kwd>oil products</kwd><kwd>biomass carrier</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">1. Шлёкова И.Ю., Кныш А.И. Повышение эффективности аэробной биологической очистки нефтесодержащих сточных вод // Теоретическая и прикладная экология. 2021. № 1. 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