Теоретическая и прикладная экология1995-43012618-840610.25750/1995-4301-2026-1-105-112OtherОценка содержания гинзенозидов с антиоксидантной активностью в экстрактах из белого женьшеняAssessment of antioxidant ginsenosides content in white ginseng extractsСазановА. В.SazanovА. V.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6934-3330АлалыкинА. А.AlalykinA. A.https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7453-3617СазановаМ. Л.SazanovaM. L.https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3492-8395МилославскийМ. Ю.MiloslavskiyM. Yu.https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8673-9859Vyatka State University (Kirov, Russia)Вятский государственный университет (Киров, Россия)Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Syktyvkar, Russia)Институт биологии Коми научного центра Уральского отделения Российской академии наук (Сыктывкар, Россия)JSC “Extracts of deep purification” (Kirov, Russia)ООО «Экстракты глубокой очистки» (Киров, Россия)250320261105112http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26111.pdf

Гинзенозиды/панаксозиды – гликозиды тритерпеноидов, активные компоненты растений из рода Panax, обладающие антиокислительным, противовоспалительным, антимикробным, противодиабетическим, противоопухолевым действием. С помощью ВЭЖХ-МС/МС исследован химический профиль гинзенозидов углекислотного, водно-спиртового и уксуснокислого экстрактов белого женьшеня, выращенного в Китае. Идентифицировано 23 соединения, в том числе основные полярные гинзенозиды – Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd (протопанаксадиоловый тип, ППД-тип) и Re, Rf, Rg1 (протопанаксатриоловый тип, ППТ-тип), а также минорные неполярные – F2, Rg3, Rh2 (ППД-тип) и Rg2, Rh1 (ППТ-тип). Нестабильностью олеанановых сапонинов (Ro) при нагревании объясняется их отсутствие в исследуемых экстрактах и появление зингиброзида R1 (аддукт Ro) в водно-спиртовом экстракте. Основную долю в уксуснокислом и СО2-экстрактах составляли минорные неполярные гинзенозиды и аддукты; водно-спиртовый экстракт содержал примерно равное количество основных и минорных гинзенозидов. Наибольшее содержание аддуктов с антиоксидантным эффектом – гинзенозиды Rg3, Rh1, Rh2, Rk1, СК, Rg1, Rb1, Rb2, Re – отмечено в CO2-экстракте (67,7 %), наименьшее – в водно-спиртовом (29,7 %).

Ginsenosides/panaxosides are glycosides of triterpenoids, active components of Panax plants. They have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antitumor effects. The chemical profile of ginsenosides in supercritical carbonic acid (SC-CO2), aqueous alcohol (70 %), and acetic acid (5 %) extracts of white ginseng cultivated in China was studied using HPLC-MS/MS. The mass fraction of ginsenosides in white ginseng CO2-extract is higher than in aqueous alcohol and acetic acid extracts, respectively 3.5 %, 2.1 % and 1.1 % dry matter. 23 compounds were identified, including the main polar ginsenosides – Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd (PPD-type) and Re, Rf, Rg1 (PPT-type), as well as minor nonpolar ones – F2, Rg3, Rh2 (PPD-type) and Rg2, Rh1 (PPT-type). The instability of oleanane saponins (Ro) upon heating is explained by their absence in the studied extracts and the appearance of zingibroside R1 (Ro adduct) in the aqueous alcohol extract. Minor nonpolar ginsenosides and adducts accounted for the majority of acetic acid and SC-CO2 extracts; the aqueous alcohol extract contained approximately equal amounts of major and minor ginsenosides. The highest content of adducts with antioxidant effect – ginsenosides Rg3, Rh1, Rh2, Rk1, СK, Rg1, Rb1, Rb2, Re – was noted in SC-CO2 extract (67.7 %), the lowest – in alcohol extract (29.7 %). A product with the desired metabolic profile can be obtained by varying the extraction conditions.

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