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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Теоретическая и прикладная экология</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1995-4301</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2618-8406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25750/1995-4301-2026-1-047-055</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">Тератоморфизм пыльцы Pinus sylvestris L. в условиях промышленного загрязнения городской среды</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Pinus sylvestris L. pollen teratomorphism under conditions of industrial pollution of the urban environment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Василевская</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasilevskaya</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><email>n.v.vasilevskaya@gmail.com</email><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6926-9353</contrib-id></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Осечинская</surname><given-names>П. В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Osechinskaya</surname><given-names>P. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4292-360X</contrib-id></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Murmansk Arctic University (Murmansk, Russia)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Мурманский арктический университет (Мурманск, Россия)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-25"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><issue>1</issue><fpage>47</fpage><lpage>55</lpage><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26105.pdf" xlink:title="http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26105.pdf">http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26105.pdf</self-uri><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:href="publication-284a0077-9b73-4e54-b7fa-9d13a5821910.pdf" xlink:title="PDF"/><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В статье представлены результаты анализа пыльцы сосны (Pinus sylvestris L)., произрастающей в условиях промышленного города Апатиты, расположенного за полярным кругом. Пробные площадки заложены в импактной зоне обогатительной фабрики АНОФ-2, где происходит переработка апатит-нефелиновых руд, и хвостохранилища. В результате палиноморфологического анализа пыльцы сосны выявлено 23 тератоморфы с различными аномалиями развития: без воздушных мешков, с их редуцией, одномешковые, разномешковые, с их асимметричным расположением и нарушением развития, с одним линзовидным или воротничковым воздушным мешком, карликовые (в том числе безмешковые, с их редукцией, одномешковые, с петлеобразно разросшейся экзиной), с разрывами экзины, редуцированным телом, гигантские с нормально развитыми воздушными мешками и их патологиями (одномешковые, безмешковые, разномешковые, с их редукцией, с воротничковым воздушным мешком и с нарушениями экзины), с крупными поперечными или продольными трещинами в центре тела пыльцевого зерна, полиады. Содержание пыльцы P. sylvestris с аномалиями развития в протестированных образцах очень высокое (80,4–90,4 %). Наиболее распространёнными тератоморфами являются пыльцевые зёрна нормальных, карликовых и гигантских размеров с патологиями воздушных мешков. Образование большого количества генетически аномальных форм пыльцы P. sylvestris и особенности её тератологий свидетельствуют о высоком уровне загрязнения среды г. Апатиты. Пыльца сосны может использоваться как биомонитор для выявления фитотоксического и мутагенного действия поллютантов.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>The article presents the results of the palinological analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. growing in the Apatity industrial city, located above the Arctic Circle (Murmansk Region, Russia). Apatity is impacted by the Apatit JSC, which is one of the world leaders in the production of phosphate raw materials for mineral fertilizers. Four sample plots are laid in the impact zone of the apatite-nepheline processing plant (ANPP-2) and its tailing dump. At the end of June microstrobils with mature pollen (N = 35) are collected at each sample plot and fixed in a 40 % alcohol solution. For palynological analysis, the pollen was stained by Lugol’s solution. The studies were carried out by light microscopy, with a 200 magnification. As a result of palynomorphological analysis of pine pollen samples, 23 teratomorphs with various developmental anomalies were identified: without sacci, with their reduction, with a single saccus, with two dissimilar sacci, with their asymmetric arrangement and developmental disorders, with one lenticular or collar saccus, dwarf (including without sacci, with their reduction, with a single saccus, with a loop-like overgrown exine), with exine ruptures, with reduced body, giant with normally developed sacci or with their pathologies (with a single saccus, without sacci, with two dissimilar sacci, with their reduction, with a collar saccus and with exine disorders), with large transverse or longitudinal cracks in the center of the pollen grain body, polyads. The teratomorphic pollen content in the tested samples is very high (80.4–90.4 %). The most common teratomorphs are pollen grains of normal, dwarf and giant sizes with anomalies in the development of sacci. Such pollen loses not only its ability of long-range transport through air, but also its ability to pollinate and fertilize. From the adaptive evolution point of view, the bilaterally symmetrical sacci of coniferous pollen, first of all are balancers on the ovule nucellus. Violation of their morphological structure does not allow them to perform this function and limit reproduction. A large quantity of genetically abnormal P. sylvestris pollen forms and the peculiarities of its teratology indicate a high level of environmental pollution of the city of Apatity. Due to its sensitivity to pollutants P. sylvestris pollen can be used as a biomonitor to detect the phytotoxic and mutagenic effects of them.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пыльца</kwd><kwd>тератогенез</kwd><kwd>Pinus sylvestris</kwd><kwd>промышленное загрязнение</kwd><kwd>Субарктика</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pollen</kwd><kwd>teratogenesis</kwd><kwd>Pinus sylvestris</kwd><kwd>industrial pollution</kwd><kwd>Subarctic</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">1. Дзюба О.Ф. Палиноиндикация качества окружающей среды. СПб.: Недра, 2006. 197 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">2. Kalbande D.M., Dhadse S.N., Chaudhari P.R., Wate S.R. Biomonitoring of heavy metals by pollen in urban environment // Environ. Monit. Assess. 2008. V. 138. 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