Теоретическая и прикладная экология1995-43012618-840610.25750/1995-4301-2026-1-027-035OtherВлияние численности популяции Eisenia fetida на рост и продуктивность Lactuca sativa в модельных экосистемахEffects of Eisenia fetida population size on Lactuca sativa growth and productivity in model ecosystemsЗюбановаТ. И.ZyubanovaT. I.zyubanovat.i@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9429-9706МинаеваО. М.MinaevaO. M.mom05@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5925-6022АкимоваЕ. Е.AkimovaE. E.akimovanell@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3279-8200ТерещенкоН. Н.TereshchenkoN. N.ternat@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3084-6926Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture and Peat, Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science, Siberian Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnologies, Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk, Russia)СибНИИСХиТ-филиал СФНЦА РАН (Томск, Россия)Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russia)Национальный исследовательский Томский государственный университет (Томск, Россия)Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics (Russia, Tomsk)Томский государственный университет систем управления и радиоэлектроники (Томск, Россия)2503202612735http://www.envjournal.ru/ari/v2026/v1/26103.pdf

Использование искусственных экосистем является удобным инструментом для изучения влияния факторов окружающей среды на функционирование различных элементов в модельной системе и взаимосвязи между ними. Повышение их продуктивности может быть связано с введением в них естественных редуцентов (дождевых червей), которые изменяют качественный и количественный состав почвенной микробиоты, ускоряют процессы минерализации органических отходов, увеличивают супрессивную активность субстратов, положительно влияют на рост и развитие растений. В ходе лабораторных экспериментов установлено влияние биотического фактора (популяции дождевых червей Eisenia fetida) на продуктивность модельной системы (биомасса растений салата). Дождевых червей вносили в количестве 6, 12, 25, 37 и 62 особей/кг субстрата (торф и 10 % навоза крупного рогатого скота). В конце эксперимента измерены высота каждого растения, площадь листьев, биомасса (свежая и сухая), содержание фотосинтетических пигментов и параметры фотохимической активности фотосистемы II; учтено количество и масса дождевых червей, количество коконов, а также выход копролита. Установлено, что дождевые черви успешно размножались во всех микрокосмах, увеличивая свою популяцию. Численность популяции дождевых червей в микрокосме влияла на вегетативный рост и физиологические и биохимические параметры и продуктивность растений салата, а также коэффициенты фотохимического тушения. Влияние численности популяции дождевых червей на продуктивность модельной системы имело классическую экологическую форму и описано кривой оптимума (закон толерантности Шелфорда). Максимальная продуктивность растений и вегетативный рост достигались при 25 и 37 дождевых червях/кг субстрата. Эти данные могут быть экстраполированы на естественные элементы биосферы и использованы для создания искусственных экосистем и повышения продуктивности тепличных систем.

Artificial ecosystems are a convenient tool for studying the environmental effect on the functioning and interrelation between different elements in a model biosphere. An increase in the productivity of artificial ecosystems can be associated with the introduction of natural decomposers (earthworms), which alter the qualitative and quantitative composition of the soil microbiota, accelerate the processes of organic matter mineralization, increase the suppressive activity of substrates, and positively affect plant growth and development. In laboratory experiments, we evaluated the effect of a biotic factor (Eisenia fetida population) on model system productivity (Lactuca sativa plants). Earthworms were introduced at 6, 12, 25, 37, and 62 individuals per kg substrate (peat and 10 % of cattle manure). At the experiment’s finish, each plant’s height, leaf area, biomass (fresh and dry), photosynthetic pigment content, and photosystem II photochemical activity parameters were measured; earthworms and cocoons were counted; and the earthworms were weighed as well as worm cast. It was found that earthworms reproduced successfully in all microcosms, increasing their population. The earthworm population’s size in the microcosm affected the lettuce plants’ vegetative growth and physiological and biochemical parameters. The earthworms also significantly affected lettuce productivity and photochemical quenching coefficients. The effect of earthworm population size had a classical ecological form and could be described by an optimum curve (Shelford’s law of tolerance). Maximum plant productivity and vegetative growth were achieved with 25 and 37 earthworms per kg substrate. These data can be extrapolated to the biosphere’s natural elements and can be used to develop artificial ecosystems and increase greenhouse system productivity.

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